Cubes of pork belly are caramelized in sugar and braised low-and-slow in soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, and star anise. Chairman Mao's alleged favorite, this deeply comforting family dish exemplifies the art of Chinese braising.
Blanch pork belly: In a large pot, cover pork belly pieces with cold water, bring to a boil over high heat, then drain and rinse to remove scum.
Caramelize sugar: In a heavy-bottomed Dutch oven over medium heat, add rock sugar with 2 tablespoons water; stir constantly until sugar is amber and bubbling.
Sear pork: Add pork belly to the caramel, raise heat to high, and toss quickly to coat evenly for 2 minutes.
Add aromatics and liquids: Stir in ginger slices, scallions, and star anise; pour in Shaoxing wine, soy sauce, and dark soy sauce, tossing the pork for full coverage.
Braise: Add water until pork is just covered; bring to a simmer, cover, and braise on low heat for 90 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Reduce: Remove lid, turn heat to medium-high, and continue cooking for 20–30 minutes, basting pork and reducing sauce until glossy and thick.
Rest and serve: Remove aromatics, briefly rest the pork, slice into bite sizes, and spoon sauce over before serving.