A rare mole made with roasted flying ants (chicatanas), an ancient Oaxacan delicacy. This protein-rich, pre-Hispanic family sauce delivers a uniquely smoky, earthy flavor found nowhere else.
Toast the dried chicatanas in a dry skillet over medium-low heat for 2 minutes, stirring constantly until fragrant but not burnt. Transfer to a bowl.
Remove stems and seeds from all chiles. Toast the pasilla and mulato chiles lightly in the skillet over medium heat for about 1 minute per side until pliable and aromatic (do not let them scorch).
Roast the tomatoes, onion, and garlic (in their skins) on a comal or heavy skillet over medium-high heat, rotating occasionally until deeply charred and soft, about 10 minutes.
Peel the garlic, then transfer charred vegetables, chiles, chicatanas, peanuts, pumpkin seeds, and the torn tortilla to a blender. Add all spices and salt. Blend in stages, adding up to 1 cup warm water for a smooth mole paste.
Heat oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the blended mole paste and cook, stirring constantly, for 5 minutes until the sauce darkens and thickens.
Reduce heat to low; add more water (about 1 cup) to reach a velvety sauce consistency. Simmer for 30–40 minutes, stirring regularly to prevent sticking or burning, until flavors are fully melded.